Demographic dividends
In 2100, that is to say in a little more than seventy years, which is not much in the scale of human history, and which is not that far for the children born today, 40% of the Earth's population will be African. By that time, we will be around 4 billion (3 billion of which will be in sub-Saharan Africa alone) for a global earth population of 8 to 9 billion.
Nigeria will have nearly 700 million residents. And Niger will have around 200 million! Africa will then be, with the Middle East, an exception, as all other regions of the world will see their population decrease or stabilize. China could return to 1 billion inhabitants’ level (less than its population in 2021). Some countries, such as Japan or Russia, Italy and even Spain, could lose 40% to 50% of their population. The United States would then be just over 400 million people in a country that is heavily “racially” mixed, and with a "white" minority.
These figures, and their staggering implications for the world order, internal political and social balances, should surely be taken with caution. They are based on mathematical models. And 2100 remains a very distant...
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Global agriculture is at a crossroads. The planet is home to 8 billion people, a total which the UN predicts will rise to 10 billion by 2050. At the same time global food insecurity is rising due to the unprecedented rate of soil degradation and the increased frequency and severity of climate shocks, the pandemic, and regional conflicts. To keep humanity fed, farmers will have to nearly double their output. And it is possible to do just this while at the same time making a significant contribution to combatting climate change by rewarding farmers for increasing the amount of carbon stored in the soil they cultivate.
The national airline now serves over 127 destinations in more than 80 countries across four continents, while being profitable. Despite successive crises, Ethiopian Airlines is a unique African success story.
Officially, it is the richest country on the continent, just ahead of South Africa, boosted by its oil economy. It is also the most populated, with 210 million inhabitants including two-thirds living in "multidimensional" poverty. An ethnically complex giant, weakened by terrorist violence. A nation in permanent crisis, which is about to elect a new president, a "miracle" personality...